The Two Best Job Searching Methods

There is no doubt that people who want to have a good life dream of a good job. Although it may seem us easy to find a job, people have to struggle so much for having a good job because of great competition about accept top position even average positions. There are various ways to find a job such as internet, direct application, newspapers, using connections or friends, networking. In my opinion internet and networking are the two most of effective ways a finding a job.Internet is a constitution that is infinitely useful and serviceable when it used effective and correctly. Internet is a wide network what spans the world. It contains a lot of recruitment agencies, cooperation websites, association sites, newsletters and freelance job options and in the present day access to internet very easily. This also provides an opportunity to become an impressive job searching. Based on The Conference Board report , newspapers and online ads are used by 70% of all job seekers for recruitment ( 2006)p1.It was established a lot of websites in order to bring together job searchers with employers such as secretcv. com, kariyer. net, yenibiris. com, monster. com. All over the world engagement agencies are accepted by companies and employers. Nowadays, most of company advertise only this websites, and choose their workers by means of who appealed this websites with their CV. Especially large companies are not permit direct application for many positions. Another effective job searching method is networking.Communication and relations compose the basis of the network because many jobs are never advertised. Networking also comprises not only business networking websites but also friendships, exhibitions, shows, seminars, training. Firstly, let’s consider business networking websites such as linekedin. com, bni. com. Their aim is create a platform where professionals from all kinds of different industries can meet up, find jobs, new assignments, cooperation partners, expert s and generate business ideas.With more people getting online now, business networking sites are attracting a great deal of attention for their role in bolstering professional relationships and facilitating new connections. Secondly, some companies organize seminars thus they explain about their business and accept graduated or students who suitable in order to their business. In this way more and more people are employed. According to Goodman, networking is the leader of job searching because it is on the success of 50% regarded in generally (2009)p2. I believe that networking is a giant world in its own right.

Botox Essay

Question no 1 What are the needs, wants and demands of consumers of Botox products in its different treatment markets? What value does Botox deliver in each market? How does value affect price for Botox? Needs: Treating cross-eye, frown lines, migraine headaches, chronic neck and back pain, excessive sweating, and possible spastic disorders. Wants: People want their face look young, lawyers want to eliminate expression of annoyance and anger. Women concern about their appearance while man want a smoother forehead. Demands: People’s demands are becoming younger, kinder and gentler-looking and dopey looking after a short treatment with high effects. The value Botox delivering in markets are different among each other because of different customer satisfactions. In term of the ophthalmologic market, Botox is the number one solution whereas in the dermatology market, its target is the second position. Botox brings normal eyes to patients as well as beautiful eyes to users. Beautiful appearance is also offered to whom want to own. Other special purpose are satisfied by the same drug. The high value of Botox affect too much to its price range. â€Å"A vial of Botox cosmetic costs about $400 and can be used for four treatments. Depending on the doctor’s pricing scheme, each treatment can be $500 to $1000† for nearly 15 minutes of operation. Question no 2: When Allergan sold Botox as a specialty drug for ocular problems, what marketing management orientation was it employing? When it sells Botox as a cosmetic treatment is it employing the same or a different orientation? When Allergan sold Botox as a specialty drug ocular problems, it just aimed at a small market supported by little marketing efforts. The means it was not employing the clear marketing management orientation. When Allergan sold Botox as a cosmetic treatment, it still kept the same orientation above with helping of doctors. When patients were injected Botox by these doctors, they did not know which exactly name of drug used. Question no 3: When doctors treat patients with Botox in their office, is that an example of a selling concept or a marketing concept? Which concept applies when they hold parties for patients in private home? The doctors have Botox and inject it in their patients. These patients even do not know its name because of off-label Botox injection. When those doctors hold their patients in private home, a marketing concept was used. In this case, 4Ps, the customer satisfaction, and the customer-oriented are used. A party is hold to advertise for Botox; chocolates, brie, and champagne are offered as gifts; patients who part the party will sign a contract with lower cost of treatment; time is also saved for doctors, nurses, receptionists, and patients. Partygoers will receive valuable information from doctors short lecturers, which helps them understand more about their value and the use of Botox.

The Expression Netiquette Is Important Because It Is The...

The expression Netiquette is a mix of â€Å"Net† and â€Å"Etiquette† (Bbccouk, 2017). â€Å"Etiquette means standard rules of conduct† (The Australian Pocket Oxford Dictionary, 1984). Netiquette means showing respectful behavior to users (Prezi, 2017 ANSWER: Netiquette is important because it is the professional way of communication with the world (Knowswhycom, 2017). Online communication is non-verbal, and then sometimes there is no possibility to listen to your voice (Referencecom, 2017. Write your answer in the form of a pretend email to your tutor. Include mention of the group discussion and remember the rules of netiquette. Provide the correct in-text citation Regarding the assessment 1, question 5 about in regarding what is my learning†¦show more content†¦The internet has services for users to work together (Diva, 2017). In this essay, I will explain about which communication theories and forms of communication are used to influence consumers. I believe that symbolic interaction communication theory and social exchange impact and mass communication have more influence to consumers. It has many communication theories such cognitive, communication accommodation, social exchange, symbolic interaction and uncertainty reduction. Among them, social exchange and symbolic interaction have more influence on consumers. First, as the topic material has been written â€Å"Symbolic interactionism proposes that people join implications to things and experiences, and this motivates their activity. Communication with others. Language allows creating meaning when attractive reflective thought, plus at communication with others† (topic 2 in the text book). In this case, I can say about using some symbolic interaction that uses on YouTube during watching that such as icon like or dislike or comments and mojo, in our group, as we discussed in class with Jack, these icons have influence to consumer by, they can show their feeling about like or dislike or other feelings by these icons. Secondly is the social exchange, as written in the text book† this theory sug gests that both parties in communication event are motivated to satisfy their respective interests. WhichShow MoreRelated Business Etiquette Essay3368 Words   |  14 PagesBusiness Etiquette The Importance of Etiquette Etiquette has always been an important part of life, be it social or business. However, it seems that business etiquette is has become more important in the last decade. This is mainly due to the fact that the business world is becoming more global and that â€Å"relationship selling† has become must for success. Etiquette is important for a variety of reasons. It helps to ease what might become and uneasy situation and can make or break businessRead MoreNetiquette and People2626 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract Introduction What is Netiquette? Or what do we mean by netiquette? To state it as simple as possible It is the network etiquette or internet etiquette, certain rules which a user is required to follow on the cyberspace in order to sustain a well online social environment or better to say social life. To state the matter differently, Netiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly online. Human cultures are different and each ethnic has its own values and cu stoms which are differentRead MoreMastering Graduate Studies 1e32499 Words   |  130 PagesACADEMIC INTEGRITY RESEARCH LIBRARY KNOWLEDGE SKILLS COMMUNICATION EXPECTATIONS CAREER PATH  IMPRINT Title Mastering Graduate Studies EDITION 1 CONTRIBUTORS Editor: Alexis DiVincenzo Consulting Editors: Mark Alexander, Nicole Quow-Thomason Art Direction Senior Art Director: Miranda Hildebrand Art Development and Design: Jo DeSnyder-Rolfe Permissions contact Grand Canyon University 3300 W Camelback Rd Phoenix, AZ 85017 602.639.7500 Copyright Information Grand Canyon University. AllRead MoreFjjj7044 Words   |  29 Pagescoordinator and/or teachers via email Your teachers receive many emails each day. In order to enable them to respond to your emails appropriately and in a timely fashion, students are asked to observe basic requirements of professional communication: Consider what the communication is about †¢ †¢ †¢ Is your question addressed elsewhere (eg. in this subject outline or, where applicable, on the subjects eLearning site)? Is it something that is better discussed in person or by telephone? This may be theRead MoreCOMPUTERS EXAM BANK 18589 Words   |  35 Pageslimited geographical area. a. Console b. LAN (Local Area Network) c. WAN (Wide Area Network) d. PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) ____ 5. A computer falls into the ____ category if it is, at the time of construction, one of the fastest computers in the world. a. Minicomputer b. Supercomputer c. Microcomputer d. Mainframe ____ 6. The term ____ device designates equipment that might be added to a computer system to enhance its functionality. a. Digital b. System c. Disk d. Peripheral ____ 7. In termsRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages117 6—Marketing Information Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Marketing—A Strategic Component . . . . . . . . . . Marketing—The Audit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marketing—The Value Factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Communication—Promotion as a Basic Element Evaluating—Checks and Balances . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 . 122 . 124 . 125 . 127 . 128 Section

Life at Purchase College - 671 Words

Life at Purchase College Founded in 1967, Purchase College which is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) network of 64 universities and colleges was founded by Governor Nelson Rockefeller. He envisioned a major publicly funded university system. Purchase would individually combine on one campus, an art school training in the visual and performing arts with programs in the liberal arts and sciences. The site selected was a 500-acre working farm, originally the property of Thomas Thomas, a Revolutionary War hero. Purchase College consists of three different schools: School of the Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of the Arts, and the School of Liberal Studies and Continuing Education. Within those three schools, there are over 40 majors and minors an undergraduate student can study in. For Graduate students there are 7 Majors, Artist Diplomas, and Performers Certificates students can apply to. Purchase College encourages you to submit scores from all test sittings of the SAT, ACT or SAT Subject Tests. However, SAT subject tests are not required for admission. Purchase College evaluates thousands of capable applicants each year for admission, access to your full testing profile allows the admissions counselors to fully and fairly assess each applicant. The Office of Admissions maintains a review process with a focus on the quality of your academic program, your cumulative academic average, your test scores and your supplemental application. Purchase CollegeShow MoreRelatedShould Student Debt Go Beyond?1269 Words   |  6 Pagesmake life easier as opposed to ending education with a high school diploma. With the shortage of career opportunities, jobs are becoming more competitive and most require higher education. College has become necessary and so consequently, it has become more expensive. While loans have made it possible for nearly anyone to attend college, because they are given too easily, the costs of college has increased even more. A cycle of giving loans and raising tuition is created and as a result college studentsRead MoreIs Finance Management Be Within Students Reach Regardless Of Their Set Of Circumstances?876 Words   |  4 Pagesplanned process of organization to ultimately avoid debt, save, and achieve life stabi lity. Many students are reckless and enjoy living on the edge with their money not because necessity or benefits, but ease and flexibility, â€Å" Those who pay their credit-card bills on time every month are taking steps to build a solid credit score. But it s far too easy for 20-somethings to misuse their cards. They use plastic to purchase big-ticket items that they can t afford, from high-end flat-screen TVs toRead MoreThe Cost Of Attending College Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe cost of attending college has risen drastically over the years. Statistics show that there has been a 260% increase in tuition costs since 1980. The increase in tuition cost equates to an increase in money borrowed to fund higher education. An increase in money borrowed results in an increase in debt accumulated over time. As a result of the rising figures, the economy as a whole has also suffered because of the restricted financial space many graduates find themselves in upon completion of theirRead Mor eMarketing Mix For The American Dental Association847 Words   |  4 Pageseach family member. †¢ Purchase to maintain standards of dental hygiene and personal care. †¢ View purchase of a toothbrush as a necessity, not a luxury. A second market segment related to toothbrush sales working adults. †¢ Men and women age 22-60+. †¢ Works in an office environment and routinely interact with coworkers or clients. †¢ Spends a great deal of time at work; lifestyle is busy and demanding. †¢ Care about making a good impression and striking an appropriate work/life balance. †¢ LikelyRead MoreIs A College Education Worth It?1018 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society, the idea of receiving a college education has been pondered quite a bit as to whether or not it is actually worth it. According to Michelle Adam, many people â€Å"†¦today believe that getting a good education is key to success in our society, this revealed surprising issues that challenge the notion of higher education being worth its price tag† (59). Naturally, many high school graduates apply for college right before or after graduation. Others decide to go into the work force, armedRead MoreRobert Becker : Old Fashioned Responsibility1077 Words   |  5 Pageseight hours a day, five days a week. His life of hard work encourages me to work harder and provide for the people most important to me every day. My life: Influenced by My Grandpa With more people than ever going into serious debt, it makes sense to learn serious practical financial keys. The men and women of previous generations refused to be financially irresponsible. Our grandparents and members of earlier generations would save to make big purchases, whereas our parent’s generation and ourRead MoreThe Sweet Choice : Obesity Rates1083 Words   |  5 Pagesunhealthy foods, and the rising prices on healthy foods. Taxing sugary drinks would be a good step to a first attempt at preventing obesity. Think about all the people who would second guess buying the unhealthy drinks, making it better to prevent the purchase of sugary, unhealthy drinks. Although, both sides will agree that obesity is a terrible situation to be in, there are people who think otherwise on the solutions that there could be. Jeff Osbourne, from Maryland, has a personal view on the situationRead MoreBenefits Of A Good Credit Score919 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolve themselves in. Good credit can ensure that one are able to pay for just about anything. From a new car to somebody’s first house, it can make or ruin anyone. Due to the importance of good credit, students frequently take advantage of their college years as a valuable chance to glimpse into adulthood by beginning their steps toward increasing that score. Considering the rising costs of tuition and the steep price of textbooks, it is not uncommon to be incapable of paying for everything immediatelyRead MoreCollege Students Should Credit Cards Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthose of college students. Credit cards make the need to carry cash or check a bank account irrelevant. All people nee d to do is swipe their card, and then they will get a bill in the mail in a few weeks. However, if the user does not pay the bill on time, the balance collects interest. Credit cards have become a normality in America and will stay that way because they are so easy to get and simple to use. Getting and using a credit card is now perfectly normal and a part of everyday life; howeverRead MoreSpeech : Invention And Organization1230 Words   |  5 Pages 2016 Grantham University Invention and Organization Part I: Topic Search 1. What issue or problem would you like to write about? Should an 18 year olds be allowed to purchase alcohol? 2. Choose a side. What is your view on the issue? What is the opposing view? Some might say that they should not be able to purchase alcohol, but I feel that they should be allowed to do so. For one because of drunk driving. For another because of binge drinking and alcohol poisoning. Lastly because of

What Makes A Great Speech So Memorable - 1091 Words

What makes a great speech so memorable? Sophie Rice explores with reference to two famous speeches from the last 200 years, The Gettysburg Address and Eulogy for Princess Diana, and the rhetorical techniques used within to portray their messages. As stated by Nathaniel Hawthorne, ‘Words – so innocent and powerless as they are†¦,how potent for good and evil they become in the hands of one who knows how to combine them.’ To this day, perhaps one of the most famous and powerful speeches is Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. Similarly, Earl Spencer’s Eulogy for Princess Diana is an oration whose message can still resonate with you and I today. These speeches are not only well recognised for their context, but noted also for the rhetorical techniques used to effectively portray the speaker’s ideas. On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln delivered one of the most renowned speeches in history. It is remembered by everyone for its brevity, poetic quality and use of technique, which allowed Lincoln to cleverly portray his ideas in only 2 minutes and 272 words. He spoke this four months after the Battle of Gettysburg in the American civil war to dedicate a plot of land to fallen soldiers, to honour their sacrifices and to remind America of the need to live out the principles stated in the American Declaration of Independence. A key technique Lincoln used throughout the Gettysburg Address was inclusive language. He addressed his crowd by ‘Fellow Countrymen,’ which immediatelyShow MoreRelatedThe Gettysburg Address : The Battle Of Gettysburg1332 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gettysburg Address The battle of Gettysburg took place July 1-3, 1863 and has been said to be the turning point of the American Civil War. This war was a battle between the Confederacy and the Union, two countries derived from what we now know as the United States of America. In reality, the Union was just a nickname for the United States at the time, which consisted of 20 free, non-slave states and the 5 border states that supported it. While on the other hand, the Confederacy involved 11 southernRead MoreThe Colored Man s Paradise By Mary Churchill938 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican, daughter of former slaves, and activist. Terrell, also known for great accomplishments such as being the first African American woman of Washington DC s board of education, the first president of the national association of colored women, and her most memorable work, the delivery of her speech at the Washington s women club, What it means to be colored in the capital of the US. This speech is so iconic and memorable beca use Terrell speaks on the oppression that blacks dealt with duringRead MoreComparing Brutus and Mark Antonys Funeral Speeches in Julius Caeser by William Shakespeare797 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare. It is based on the life and after life of the great roman leader, Caeser. One of the most important and memorable scenes in the play is when Brutus and Mark Antony give their speeches at Caesers funeral. In this essay I will be comparing to two, noting the key speech writing elements, and finally concluding which I think is most effective. The first speech we hear is that of Brutus. In his speech he aims to justify his reasons for killing Caeser, and alsoRead MorePublic Speech On Public Speaking1238 Words   |  5 Pagesdon’t know how to start a speech or presentation you won’t get anywhere and your public speaking will suffer. Creating a speech could be simple if you follow a series of steps that will guide you from the beginning and end of your speech. Before you begin your speech, you must pick a topic that you are knowledgeable about. The topic must have a purpose that pertains to the audience. The topic may be broad, but you must narrow it down to a briefer topic. There are many speech styles including manuscriptRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence: Why It Is So Important to Our Country592 Words   |  3 Pagesthe most famous documents in the history of the United States of America. It helped the colonists declare independence from Great Britain and King George III. It is one of the documents that has made our country what it is today. Without the Declaration many things would be different. After reading this I hope you are able to see what these great men went through to make America’s founding document. On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia presented his resolution for independence to theRead More Lou Gehrig’s Farewell Speech Essay1025 Words   |  5 PagesLou Gehrig’s Farewell Speech Throughout the course of American history, there have been copious amounts of famous speeches, spoken by many different people. From political figures to sports players; these people have provided deep thoughts and great insights about who they are and the world we live in today. Being a sports enthusiast, a memorable speech comes to my mind. Lou Gehrig’s â€Å"farewell speech†, given on July 4th, 1939, to more than 62,000 fans at New York City’s Yankee Stadium, hasRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Speech1243 Words   |  5 Pagesthe country. In order to answer that question he gave a memorable inaugural address to make his critiques rethink their doubts. Kennedy’s speech is known as one of the most powerful speeches because of his of rhetorical strategies. Of course being the youngest president there’s a ton of pressure on Kennedy but with all the pressure he still was able to show the whole United States that he is the right man for the job. In his inaugural speech, he starts to address all the people who were in officeRead MoreWarning Label Explanation Speech On The Mirror1386 Words   |  6 PagesWarning Label Explanation Speech Man in the Mirror With this speech I was able to conquer many factors such as letting my words coming out in a voice tone the way I intended it to be. I was able to deliver my main points just like I practiced. I was able to create an outline according to what I expected to deliver to my audience. However, once again I allowed my nervousness to get a little bit of my power and confidence. Because of my anxiety I did not create a true connection with my listeners (classmates)Read MoreGraduation Speech : Class Of 2005 From Senior From Harvard1405 Words   |  6 PagesThis is shown in the first part of his speech where he compliments the students for graduating from â€Å"one of the finest universities in the world.† Next, he is also seeking to impart what he learnt about life and failure to the students. This can be observed through the stories that he deliberately chose to impart his points: connecting the dots, love and loss, and death. I feel that these were chosen to highlight the key turnin g points in his life, and what knowledge he was able to gain from themRead MoreLeader Persuasion1290 Words   |  6 Pagesneeds for gratification, personalization, and newness. Sales representatives use a variety of tactics to get you to buy their product. The main tactic used by sales representatives is â€Å"liking† we buy things from people we know or can relate to, so a sales representative will try to be the most likable person. Using personal stories that you can relate to in order for you to feel more comfortable with them. They also use another technique called â€Å"commitment† they promise you a deal, but it will

Pathological Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality

Question: Discuss about the Pathological Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality. Answer: There is a thin line between self-esteem and narcissism .While love and respect for self are inculcated at a tender age, it goes overboard for some. When this happens, the disorder (narcissism) sets in. Individuals seek reaffirmation from available platforms including social media. Narcissism invades all regardless of social status (Brooks, 2016). Narcissism is a phenomenon that was not a main topic of discussion some years back. Those who talked about it were those who were in a mental health profession. It is because it was uncommon and so little was known about it. It has however emerged and can be witnessed in most social settings all over the world. (Virgil Jordan,2013) described narcissism as a disorder whereby an individuals self-love is characterised by arrogance lack of empathy, a sense of entitlement and increase in attention seeking among other selfish traits. A narcissist thinks about themselves and not anybody else. Their presence is conspicuous because whatever they say or do and even put on announces their arrival (Pincus, Lukowitsky, 2010) In the olden days parents inculcated love and respect for their children. Boys were taught that they are the head and should be authoritative. Girls on the other hand were taught to be submissive and to obey. Often time girls were to be seen and not heard. Modernization changed most of the values that were held dear. Both the girls and the boys realised that they needed to be felt. They realized that if certain things were done in a particular way, attention would be assured. Modernization came with advancement in technology. Social platforms such as Facebook and Instagram have provided an opportunity for individuals to continue to portray their narcissism (Gupta Govindarajan, 1996) People who suffer from this disorder are often times conceited, boastful and pretentious. They want to dominate and want to seem to be in charge. In an instance where a conversation is among a group of girls, the narcissist will dominate. She will not give room for other to relay their opinions. They want to seem as the most classic, the most outstanding (Campbell Miller, 2011). They talk about their escapades with some popular kid, talk about the amazing gifts or the new set of make -up kits they were given by their special ones. A severe case of narcissism completely disregards other people. Such an individual tramples down on others (Rhodewalt Peterson, 2009). In a bank where others are queuing, they would demand to be served first. In other extreme cases, narcissists would cause closure social places such as gyms and salon simply because they arrived. Although parents teach their children to embrace self -love and self -worth, it crosses the thin line and these individuals become self-centred considering themselves superior than everybody else. This disorder is not selective of status. All people even the mightiest are not immune to it (Morf Rhodewalt, 2001).To avoid it therefore, people should be careful not to cross the thin line separating the expected level of self-esteem crossing over to narcissism. References Gupta, A.K., and Govindarajan, V. (1996) Determinates of Knowledge Outflows from and Inflows into Foreign Subsidiaries in Multinational Corporations Brooks, A.C. (2016). Narcissism is increasing. So youre not so special. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/14/opinion/narcissism-is-increasing-so-youre-not-so-special.html Campbell, W.K and Miller J.D (2011)The Handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder: Theoretical approaches, empirical findings, and treatments.Hoboken,NJ:Wiley Morf, C.C and Rhodewalt, F(2001) Unravelling the paradoxes of narcissism. A dynamic self-regulatory processing model Psychological Inquiry 12:177-196 Pincus, A.L and LukowitskyM.R (2010)Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorderAnnual Review of Clinical Psychology 6.421-446 Rhodewalt.F and Peterson B (2009) Narcissism in Handbook of Individual differences in social behaviourNew York: Giulford

Motivation of Employees

Introduction The theory of management emerged in the early 19th century when Henri Fayol, a Frenchman, described management as cooperative integration of various functions in an organization in order to achieve organizational goals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation of Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In early part of the 20th century, Mary Parker described management as an art of mobilizing people to perform specific tasks that translate into organizational goals (Arthurs Busenitz 2003, p.150). In 1960, Douglas McGregor revolutionized management theory by formulating theories that describe two aspects of management, the X and Y theories. In his theories, McGregor postulated that motivation of employees is central to achieving organizational goals. He recognized that, â€Å"†¦human capital and knowledge are the most important sources of value for the 21st century organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kochan Orlikowski 2009, p.2). This view has greatly changed the management strategies and structures in terms of human resources and technology. Hence, this essay explores literature review regarding the evolution of McGregor’s X and Y theories with the view of analyzing their relevance to the 21st century managers. Theory X Theory X postulates authoritarian style of management, which assumes that employees cannot work effectively and achieve organizational goals unless the management forces them to do so. McGregor posited that â€Å"conventional managerial assumptions of theory X reflect essentially an opposite and negative views namely, that employees are lazy, are incapable of self-direction and autonomous work behavior, have little to offer in terms of organizational problem solving† (Kopelman, Prottas Davis 2008, p.255). Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy thus views them as organizational costs that need constant monitoring and control in or der to reduce losses and gain maximum benefits from them.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another assumption of theory X is that employees cannot utilize their autonomy effectively to benefit organization because they are not responsible; hence, they need proper management to lead them. Further assumption holds that employees are not creative and tend to resist organizational changes that are critical for economic growth. Due to these assumptions, authoritative management is imperative in mobilizing reserved employees. Based on Maslow’s theory, organizations under the management style of theory X rely on the satisfaction of basic needs such as money and other benefits in motivation of their employees. According to Daniels, â€Å"McGregor makes the point that a command and control environment is not effective because it relies on the lower needs as a levers of motivat ion, but in modern society those needs are already satisfied and thus no longer are motivators† (2008, p.11). Management according to theory X exclusively motivates employees using money, which only satisfies the lower human needs leaving higher needs that provide elevated and lasting motivation. Thus, theory X does not give satisfactory motivation to the employees for them to be very productive. Theory Y Theory Y elucidates participative style of management that is very effective in the management of modern mega organizations. The assumptions of this theory are that employees are invaluable resources, effective work involves concerted efforts, integration of technology with social systems enhances work, and delegation of responsibilities is essential in achieving organizational goals. According to the first assumption, human resources are invaluable resources in an organization that need development and motivation. Proper motivation of the employees will enhance their self-es teem and creates conducive environment where working becomes as interesting as playing. In the second assumption, theory Y posits that knowledge-based systems encourage â€Å"†¦high levels of performance that can only be achieved by organizing work in ways that allow workers to utilize and deepen their knowledge and skills, while working collaboratively on multiple, temporary projects to accomplish flexible and innovative operations† (Wubbolding 2002, p.3).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation of Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Coordination of systems in a manner that enhances concerted efforts would expediently lead to the achievements of organizational goals. The third assumption predicts that integration of technology with social systems would significantly change the application of technology in an organization. The effectiveness of technology depends on the integration of human resources and the physical part of technology resulting into viable technology that effectively drives the workforces for the organization to realize its goals. In the fourth assumption, delegation of responsibilities by the top management to the lower management levels enhances productivity in the organization. â€Å"The average man learns, under proper conditions, not only to accept but also to seek responsibility by employing creativity and imaginations in solving organizational problems† (Deming 2007, p.9).This assumption recognizes that employees have abilities that are very crucial in solving impending management problems in that motivation and delegation of responsibilities enhances their participation. Relevance and Value of X-Y Theories Douglas McGregor’s X and Y theories describe contrasting management styles of 20th and 21st centuries respectively. Theory X depicts 20th century style of management that relies heavily on authoritative supervision of employees as this theory assumes that employees are costs that need constant management in order realize organizational goals. Regarding motivation of workers, theory X is very poor since it only depends upon money and other material benefits to satisfy the needs of the employees, which are the lowest needs according to Maslow’s theory. McGinnis warns that, motivation of employees using the lowest human needs is not lasting and effective in enhancing productivity of human resources in an organization (2006, p 22). The X theory is relevance to the 21st managers because it indicates the level of management the organization is employing in the continuum of X-Y management levels. The poorest management style tends to shift towards X while the best management tends to shift towards Y. On the other hand, theory Y describes participative style of management that is very effective in the 21st century. This theory appreciates human labor as invaluable resource that the organization should deve lop and expand through motivation. In terms of motivation, this theory asserts that motivation of employees should entail satisfaction of highest needs according to the Maslow’s theory.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gosling and Marturano argue that, â€Å"the expenditure of physical and mental efforts in work is as natural as play or rest, and the average human being under proper conditions, learns not only to accept but to seek responsibility† (2003, p. 7). Satisfaction of the highest needs such as self-esteem and self-actualization would motivate employees to be highly productive since work would be enjoyable as play thus enhancing the values of creativity, commitment, and responsibility in employees. Conclusion Management theory has been developing over centuries and managers have been wondering on what type of management style can effectively motivate employees and propel organizations towards achieving their goals. Douglas McGregor formulated X and Y theories that describe contrasting management styles for the managers to perceive their level of management. Theory X postulates that employees are inherently lazy and a form of costs that needs constant supervision for them to work eff ectively for the organization to attain its goals. In contrast, theory Y postulates that employees are integral resources that organizations should always optimize by motivating them. Motivation entails satisfaction of highest human needs, self-esteem and self-actualization as classified in the Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs. These theories are relevant to the 21st century managers since they assess their levels of management and predict the performance of their organizations. References Arthurs, D., Busenitz, L., 2003. The Boundaries and Limitations of Agency Theory and Stewardship Theory in the Venture Capitalist/Entrepreneur Relationship. Entrepreneur Theory and Practice, pp. 145-162. Bolden, R., Gosling, J., Marturano, A., 2003. Review of Leadership Theory and Competency Frameworks. Centre for Leadership Studies, pp. 1-44. Available from: http://business-school.exeter.ac.uk/ Daniels, T., 2008. Douglas McGregor: Theory X and Theory Y. Journal of Human  Resource s Management, pp. 1-25. Deming, W., 2007. Total Quality Management: Explanation of the Fourteen Points of Management. Organizational Management Level, pp. 1-11. Web. Kochan, T., Orlikowski, W., 2009. Beyond McGregor’s Theory Y: Human Capital and Knowledge in the 21st Century Organization. Human Resource Development Journal, pp. 1-24. Kopelman, R., Prottas, D., Davis, A., 2008. Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Y: Toward a Construct-valid Measure. Journal of Managerial Issues, 20(2), pp. 255-272. McGinnis, S., 2006. Organizational Behavior and Management Thinking.  Organization Management Journal, pp.37-57. Wubbolding, R., 2002. Employee motivation. Quality Management of Employees, pp. 1-6. This essay on Motivation of Employees was written and submitted by user Maleah Cox to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.