Measuring Business Performance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Estimating Business Performance - Coursework Example As indicated by Chary (2009: 19.7) productivity is characterized as the capacity of a business to create an ideal impact, administration or an item with a base measure of exertion. While viability is characterized as the degree or degree to which targets are accomplished, it is being effective in acknowledging or accomplishing what is required. Wharton (2012) characterizes viability as the complete yield that is created while effectiveness alludes to the economy in the usage or utilization of assets to play out an undertaking. Expect a machine administrator appointed to make shrubberies, makes 500 brambles for every move utilizing 25 kilogram of steel pole. The viability is that the administrator makes 500 brambles for every move while the effectiveness is that the administrator produces 25 hedges for every kilogram of steel pole. I) Higher degrees of adequacy and proficiency add to better outcomes. They empower the organization to build their profitability by creating lower cost products and ventures than contenders. This along these lines makes the organization to make higher benefit for every unit sold or offer lower cost than contenders to the clients (Wharton (2012: 24). ii) The organization can build up an upper hand over its rivals. More significant levels of productivity and adequacy empower associations to create great merchandise and enterprises. The association can use their assets ideally to accomplish wanted yield therefore being in front of their rivals (Chary, 2009: 19.8). iii) Finally, accomplishing more significant levels of viability and proficiency empowers organizations to figure out how to invigorate their workforce to concentrate on shared objectives. It causes the association to oversee and coordinate their human capital towards objective accomplishment and mission satisfaction. The association is consequently ready to make better correspondence, initiative, cooperation, bearing, flexibility just as positive condition (Chary,

Frankenstein Being More Human than Monster Essay example -- Frankenste

Frankenstein Being More Human than Monster Society is unavoidable. It will consistently be there as a delight and a weight. Society puts marks on everything, for example, fortunate or unfortunate, rich or poor, ordinary or variant. Albeit a portion of these stamps are exact, most are misguided judgments. In Mary Shelley's, Frankenstein, this demonstration of blundering by society is amazingly clear. Two of the most erroneous presumptions of society spin around the focal characters, Dr. Frankenstein and the beast. Society's marks for these two amazingly various characters are on the specific inverse side of the size of what they genuinely are. Dr. Frankenstein is to a greater extent a beast while the beast is increasingly others conscious. Dr. Frankenstein, the so named respectable, no-flaw man, is really reckless, obstinate, and extraordinary in his activities all through the novel. From the absolute first experience with Victor Frankenstein we get an insight if his craziness when he asks R. Walton, Do you share my frenzy?. That is the main thing that he says when he recoups from his sickness. Directly from the beginning we realize that something is astray with Victor. Dr. Frankenstein's unreliability appears through ordinarily in his emotions toward his creation. While he was molding his creation, Frankenstein gets so made up for lost time in his work and his longing to be associated with unequaled that he doesn't consider what will occur after life is inhaled into his creation. He is so devoured by his work he doesn't rest for quite a long time, head outside, eat suppers, or keep in touch with his family. Frankenstein even concedes that he was unable to control his fixation on his work, For this I had denied myself of rest and wellbeing. What normal individual puts his work before his own wellbeing? After his cre... ... human he has known or cherished has dismissed the animal he chooses to seclude himself. Be that as it may, as he withdraws to his destruction he spares a young lady from suffocating in waterway. This worry for human life notwithstanding his adoration toward the family is proof to his humankind. Dr. Frankenstein is a man that cares just of himself and acknowledges no duty regarding his activities and his creation then again is caring and supportive to the people who detest him. Society has the most impact in an individual's perspective on some random point. Generally society causes misguided judgments about individuals dependent on appearance and the obscure. This is particularly clear in the novel Frankenstein, where marks are set on the primary characters by society are slanted. Dr. Frankenstein ends up being to a greater extent a beast than his creation while his creation is more sympathetic than Dr. Frankenstein is.

Class and Social Advancement Expectations †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Class and Social Advancement Expectations. Answer: Presentation: Charles Dickens second novel Great Expectations is the tale of a vagrant kid called Pip who has figured out how to discover bliss through the ascent and fall throughout everyday life. The tale has investigated the possibility that riches, class and social progression is less significant than love, dedication, love and soul. Be that as it may, Charles Dickens has inspected to a great extent the social class arrangement of the Victorian England in his novel. In this content, he has demonstrated an enormous degree of social class, extending from most pitiable criminal named Abel Magwitch who has fled from the jail and frightened the hero Pip in the churchyard. Charles Dickenss depiction of the social class in the novel has contacted the white collar class and he has gotten character like Uncle Pumblecook who is egotistical and fixated on cash. Charles Dickenss epic has likewise grasped the higher social class and its issues in practical way. The agent of the rich and higher monetary cla ss in the novel Great Expectation was Miss Havisham who was old, well off and offbeat lady. She lived in an estate called Satis House. The creator has depicted every one of the social class delegates with the financial setting and their lifes episode has circled focusing on their economy. Nonetheless, it was Charles Dickenss aestheticness and morals that he was not intrigued decidedly in depicting the characters that are identified with inherited gentry and respectability. The push of the novel was not on the financial variables. The hero isn't from those rich people in the privileged or honorability whose fortunes were controlled by the methods for trade. The job of Dickens in the novel is increasingly similar to a social reformer. His has inclination to change the Victorian culture and addressed the ills of the Victorian culture. The way, Charles Dickens has depicted his hero was to show that social class has quite association with the ethical morals of a person. The hero of Great Expectation is a vagrant named Pip who is the delegate of the lower financial class. He began his life as a forlorn vagrant and inevitably turned into a youngster. Be that as it may, along the way, he has learnt and battled to adapt up to the world and thusly, he got himself. Various encounters helped him to answer his ventures. Pip has taken in a significant exercise in this novel and the creator has made him to learn it by investigating the possibility of soul, personal growth and desire. It turned into the focal subject and subject of the novel. It was Pips morals and confidence, which has made a channel for personal growth. From the center of the heart, Pip was a dreamer. He has Great Expectations from his life and future. The extraordinary desires for the hero acted in three levels, social, good and instructive. The Pips moral personal development followed up on the conduct that when he was improper, he felt an amazing blame and needed to better later on. For instance, when he left for London, he was liable for carrying on wretchedly and wrongly towards Biddy and Joe. In affection with Estella, Pip needed the social personal growth. He needed to turn into an individual from the higher social monetary class to satisfy his adoration for Estella. The working out of the dreams with intend to become rich wou ld be the books focal thought and Dickens has utilized this as a chance to ridicule the social class arrangement of the post Industrial Revolution of the Victorian England. Significantly, Pips life as a rich man was not any more fulfilling and it was unquestionably not good than his past life as a smithies disciple. The instructive improvement connected with the desire of the social improvement of Pip. In any case, toward the finish of the novel, through the instances of Biddy, Joe and Magwitch, Pip has discovered that instructive and social improvement are essentially fringe to comprehend the genuine worth of oneself. He has taken in the value of still, small voice, love and fondness that ought to be situated higher than the social assets and formal instruction the board. Dynamic of Macbeth The extraordinary scholarly maestro William Shakespeare has investigated the eager idea of the hero Macbeth and its damaging powers that could destroy lives around him in the terrible dramatization called Macbeth. The annihilation of the aspiration was begun when it was out of the ethical request. The aspiration and avarice of the Macbeth has leaded him to submit out of line deeds. In the play of William Shakespeares Macbeth, which perhaps written in 1606, has depicted the manner by which the covetousness and dangerous energy developed in the psyche of the legend, which drove him to slaughter King Duncan. The hero Macbeth was the portrayal of his time, that is Renaissance. It was an account of ruler and sovereign and divine beings or any otherworldly force didn't work their activities happened in their life. Macbeths life was chosen by his own activities. There may be some affecting variables identified with Macbeths act, similar to predictions of three witches or Lady Macbeths influ ence to submit the homicide. Be that as it may, it was Macbeths aspiration and avarice for power, which would make him as a deplorable saint. Murdering Duncan was exclusively Macbeths activity for satisfying his own desire and yearning to be the ruler of the Scotland. Macbeth has the qualities of Hubris. His incredible aspiration is the impression of over the top pride. Macbeth is likewise influenced with the creative mind of things to come ruler of Scotland. His attributes defect or hubris is unreasonable aspiration. In the principal demonstration of the play, he was appeared as courageous and reliable warrior. At the point when he had spoken with three witches, the peruser understood that his physical valor and sweet nature had stirred up with significant desire of turning out to be the best and self-question about his deed. The expectation of the witches really satisfied him however it made an internal strife. In other word, the expectation had illuminated the perplexing side of his eager nature and impacted him significantly to murder Duncan. The maestro William Shakespeare had demonstrated Macbeth as the awful impression of desire, which one had, did not have the quality of character. Macbeth is answerable for his own deeds and remnants. Macbeth has incredible desire to pick up power, however their battle for securing power by one way or another made them defiled, which is the fundamental driver of their fall. In the play Macbeth, the hero has turned around the human instinct, drove by the super aspiration. At the point when the Renaissance humanism concentrated on the person as the picture of the God and acknowledged the perfect progressive system of the universe where each being has its own fixed spot, the inversion of nature took into account break the chain the executives. In this way, the entire request of the universe is hindered in the play, which is written in the hour of the Renaissance itself. The essayist has appeared in his play, that the desire in any structure, be it for power if there should be an occurrence of Macbeth, has driven him to the abuse of the human ethics and characteristics. In a manner his desire got vaulting, he experienced a progression of events where he was the controller of the happenings however he did these savage, repudiating the essential human attributes. The Macbeth lost his mankind by slaughtering Duncan who might think about Macbeth as his child. In this manner, Macbeths sin was to murder her dad for the seat. His voracity for power drove him to break the profound quality of the universe where he just considered accomplishing the unrivaled position. If there should arise an occurrence of Macbeth, he appeared to realize that it was his eager nature, which controlled his activity. In the demonstration one he had said it, he understood it that the aspiration inside himself is vaulting. In act one, scene seven of the show, it is composed I have no prod/To prick the sides of my aim, yet just/Vaulting desire (Shakespeare, 2014). Indeed, in the demonstration one scene three when he was intending to kill ruler Duncan, he was battling with the fiendish side inside him. As a matter of fact, Macbeths feeling of super aspiration hided the ethical soul of him and drove him to make a deadly plot of how to be the lord of Scotland. For whatever length of time that Macbeth heard predictions of the witches that he would made thane of Cawdor and in the end the future lord of Scotland, a flood of desire vanquished him and he was enticed wanting to kill the current ruler of Scotland, King Duncan. His aspiration couldn't leave him to submit one homic ide; be that as it may, he submitted the wrongdoing of successive homicide for making sure about his seat. He murdered chamberlains, Banquo, Lady Macduff and their youngsters. His activity of homicide for satisfying his desire influenced him with a sentiment of blame, which continually tailed him. He began daydreaming; he saw the apparition of Banquo and heard voices of oblivious as he killed the resting Duncan. Indeed, he has daydreamed the gore blade by which he had killed Duncan. The handle of the knife pointed towards him and he was frightened for this. Hearing the predictions and before the homicide of Duncan, Macbeth was very questionable about his activity. Notwithstanding, Lady Macbeths want for majesty convinced Macbeth to slaughter Duncan. In the end, after the murdering, Lady Macbeth began daydreaming of blood in her grasp and she was begun sleepwalking. Toward the finish of the play, Macbeth needed to battle with his adversary, his battling proceeded until Macduff executed him. The play was finished in the wake of finishing a round trip. The plays circle was begun with the triumphant of war zone by Macbeth and finished with the annihilation of Macbeth in battle. In the hover in the play, it got tragical because of Macbeths avarice for force and desire. He needed to bite the dust for whatever and how he wished. In A Passage to India, E. M Forster has investigated the trouble of the well disposed connection between the ruler and the controlled, the colonizer and the colonized. In another words, the novel has investigated the trouble in building up a connection among English and Indian. A Passage to India has been begun and finished by statin

Description of Nicaraguan Photo Free Essays

Roosevelt Campbell Professor Finnegan English 111 (009) 7 October 2012 The passing of the youngster in the Nicaraguan war The photo by Koen Wessing, â€Å"Nicaragua† (1970) shows a gathering of individuals around a dead body on a destroyed road in an appalling scene. In the frontal area, lies a dead youngster on a rough street secured with a white sheet, appears as though a military boot on one foot standing out. In the closer view, at the leader of the body blood stains are perceptible. We will compose a custom article test on Portrayal of Nicaraguan Photo or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now A lady who is by all accounts the youthful man’s mother strolls straight up to the body, holding up a sheet to her mouth, and begins to cry tears. Out of sight four individuals remain in the road, who seem, by all accounts, to be relatives or companions of the perished. A man, who is by all accounts the boy’s father or uncle, strolls behind the body towards the mother. He doesn't stand up to or take a gander at the body, with his head down and his hands together before him at his midsection as an indication of despondency. Behind the man, a companion of the family gazes at the body with a cloth to her nose, shielding her from the smell. Nearby her is a relative who is halfway covered up by the man. Just a little piece of her hair, arms and legs are obvious. A relative likewise gazes at the body with a sheet wrapped over her arm. I likewise notice that behind these individuals is spray painting on the entryway of a structure which says â€Å"FSLN† which represents Frente Sandinista de Liberacion Nacional (Spanish). In English, this implies Sandinista National Liberation Front which is a social equitable gathering in Nicaragua. On that equivalent structure I can see gaps on a structure behind the gathering of individuals possibly they are projectile gaps, from the weapon when they shot at the youngster. Look like there is even a spent shell to one side of the leader of the body. In this photograph by Koen Wessing, it shows how the relatives and companions have been influenced by the passing of the youngster, them as well as how the nation in general has been profoundly influenced with the passings and devastations which have been occurring in the nation, appeared to have been brought about by a war. Koen Wessing depicts how war devastates families and the battle that individuals in this scene and the entire nation needs to experience. When taking a gander at the youthful man’s mother, relatives and companions, you can see by their outward appearance and non-verbal communication that they’re separated intellectually by the passing of the youngster, which profoundly influences them. This can cause issues, for example, misery and outrage. This can even keep on influencing them later on later on. To my supposition he may have been severely killed by Somoza’s National Guard (resistance to the Sandinistas), in light of his connection with the Sandinistas, and he might not have been the main guiltless individual to be slaughtered by them, so there would have been different families influenced by this disturbance. This war has influenced the individuals as well as the country’s framework also, for example, the streets and structures that were annihilated. Homes may have additionally been destroyed leaving individuals destitute which may make them and their youngsters be resting without a rooftop over their head which isn't solid. A few organizations may have been closed down, and without any organizations, individuals would be out of occupations and therefore, they wouldnot having the option to accommodate their family. Schools likewise may have been shut and this would have profoundly influenced the instructive advancement of the understudies and influence them later on. Taking everything into account, this photograph plainly expresses the enduring the individuals and the nation all in all needed to experience, and how the dead are left to help the individuals to remember dread and trouble. This picture outlines the overwhelming impact that a war can have on the individuals and its nation. Koen Wessing is revealing to us that a war can cause a ton of issues in a nation and it would be exceptionally hard to restore all the angles which have been influenced. Works Cited Koen, Wessing. Nicaragua. 1970. Photo. English 111 Course Page. Web. Instructions to refer to Description of Nicaraguan Photo, Papers

Effects The Newspaper Industry Media Essay

Impacts The Newspaper Industry Media Essay The advantages total administrations like Google News gain is that the data they put on the site have extra substance and gives a more extensive perspective on the theme, business and topic. That is the thing that interests to the perusers, as they can skim through the significant news they need to peruse and dont need to experience the immaterial news like in papers or TV. Online news collection administrations like Google News are changing the manner in which news is being promoted to individuals. Since the making of Google News, it has gotten perhaps the best development for the organization as far as memberships to their channels and incomes they create through perusers. What Google specializes in is that it assembles intriguing things and presents them in better approaches to interest the tremendous crowds. Consequences for the paper business During the previous decade, the Internet has become a significant news hotspot for most Americans. As per an examination led by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, as of January 2010, about 61 percent of Americans got probably a portion of their news online in a regular day. (Isbell, 2010). This measurement gives us that there is a great deal of dependence on the web for news. Individuals have done without the conventional acts of getting their news through papers, magazines and TV. In this way, there is a decrease in the conventional media nowadays. News Corporations Rupert Murdoch and Associate Press Chairman Dean Singleton have thinking to accept that the significant reason for the decrease in the conventional media is because of the ascent of the news aggregators. As per this hypothesis, news aggregators from Google News to The Huffington Post are free-riding, exchanging and benefitting from the accurate data accumulated by customary media associations at extraordinary expense. (Isbell, 2010). Accumulation administrations undermine the print media since they are developing as the new first page which individuals skim through each morning for title texts as opposed to setting off to any single paper site. (Schonfeld, 2009). The other thinking behind low print media numbers is that organizations have begun to publicize more on the locales as they cost substantially less when contrasted with promoting on the papers. The issue with papers nowadays is that there are about 20% top title text stories and the remainder of the 80% is typically not pertinent or uninteresting to the peruser. Total locales make loads and heaps of significant features from all over along these lines spellbinding the crowd. The worth not just originates from skimming through the site material however tapping the connections to the different features makes esteem. Obviously papers are falling flat since you most likely can't catch the perusers consideration with just 20% news and the other 80% being immaterial. Conglomeration administrations utilize computerized logarithms to get great substance, and in this way its not just the front pages that catches the crowd consideration however different pages are as intriguing as the first. Fundamentally papers take into account the necessities of a higher class of individuals who gain higher than normal pay though accumulation administrations like Google News oblige each age bunch as anybody can get to the report from anyplace with no dread of buying any material on the web they read. Additionally, the expense of paper, ink, postage, and physical dissemination will never be a contender in a universe of electronic correspondence. Along these lines, papers are presently making sites for their perusers and promoters. The ordered areas on the paper are being undermined in light of the fact that destinations like Craigslist are looking for a portion of the grouped market. This shows the assignment is getting increasingly troublesome as papers attempt to serve a differing crowd of perusers. Collection administrations are quick in keeping awake to date in their businesses, track rivals, screen industry writes, and follow explicit Websites. Accumulation administrations outdo their information in a rapid way implying that they get their news channels when an uncommon occasion or news happens. So, papers are attempting to pull in the client base they once had because of mechanical advances on the web. Conglomeration administrations improving throughout the years I will take case of Google News and how they have moved toward online total administrations. Google News throughout the years has improved and has become more intelligent than numerous other collection administrations. They monitor client conduct which is significant as people groups view and conclusions change day by day and is never on a certain something. Google News utilizes a totally different calculation to that utilized for their Google search. Google News utilizes a shut record though their web index utilizes an open file. Presently, the thing that matters is that in a shut list Google News will just catch the news related things, while in an open list the web search tool will think about everything subsequently making the database considerably greater. In this manner, Google News gets their data in an all the more continuous way which is quicker and gets simpler for clients to discover what they are searching for. Other total administrations are likewise observing this and improving their administrations too. Accumulation administrations are less worried of what sort of medium they will utilize and are increasingly worried about ensuring that the news keeps on being streaming for instance those venture diaries, articles and different things that can be found in the papers. In this way, their principle concern or intrigue is to attempt to ensure that the news gets by as well as flourishes. The best way to guarantee the speediest conveyance of news to the crowd, total administrations utilize specific calculations to get these group of news out to the perusers thought their web locales as opposed to the conventional papers which takes longer and hold up to 60% of advertisement space. On the off chance that we take a gander at the pace at which the media is going on the web, news is the region which would profit the most when it is on the web. With something new happening each other moment, breaking news turning into a day by day issue, with updates and cautions which require something more than the conventional media organize, the time the news gets on the web. Each time there is breaking news it is posted online for the web clients to keep in contact with no push to do likewise. (Chris Williams, n.d.). I mean the most ideal path for an individual to keep awake to date with the most recent data is to sign in to one of the online locales and check the news as opposed to having the issue of purchasing a paper or turning on the TV or the radio. It spares a ton of time for an individual. The opposition to make the news increasingly appealing is lesser in the online world, considering the way that it is less difficult in many manners than the print media. The print media expects you to think of imaginative thoughts each other day to remain once again in the rising serious market. Nearly, in the online news showcase the opposition to remain new is less. (Chris Williams, n.d.). In this way, locales like Google News and The Huffington Post dont truly care whose site is better, yet rather are intrigued that the news they are giving is being perused by the crowd and that it is getting to each individual in an opportune way.

What I wish Id known, and what Im glad I knew

What I wish I’d known, and what I’m glad I knew At the CPW Womens Leadership Lunch, one of the prefrosh at my table asked me what I wish Id known before I came to MIT. I wish Id known from Day 1 that most of my professors didnt waltz unobstructed from success to success to success from the day they were born (Im pretty sure that a couple did, but thats beside the point.) Many have had their own struggles, academically and professionally, and many know what its like to feel low on self-confidence. Im glad that I learned by the end of Year 1 that a professor can be a mentor and a listening ear and not just an instructor. I hope and think that I never participated in a conversation that involved comparing SAT scores, high school grades, or AP scores. I hear freshmen doing that sometimes, and it makes me sad. I wish I had never worried about how I compared to my fellow incoming MIT students. I wish Id thought of every class block as a precious commodity. I have two semesters left, and there are at least fifteen or twenty classes that I would LOVE to take but wont have room for. Entire departments I wont ever taste. If I had fully appreciated this as an incoming freshman, I would have ASEd out of 18.02 (I definitely could have) and used my 8.01 credit. I held back because I was nervous, and thought it would be better to make sure I had a solid foundation before moving on. Its obvious to me now, though, that I did have a solid foundation: in particular, I had a great vector calculus teacher. I would have been challenged more, certainly, but that would have been a good thing. I will forever rue what turned out to be a decision to not take two additional classes. I wish Id spent more time with my living group (French House) freshman fall. I think I knew that my dorm was supposed to be my home-away-from-home for four years. I think I also knew that this is a pretty big deal; I expected that having a home on campus would be important. But it took me over a semester to understand that it takes physical presence to build a home away from home. You need to be physically present to build meaningful relationships with your college family. This should have been as high a priority for me as trying out eight billion extracurricular activities. I wish I had realized that while these four years dont last very long, they are packed from the beginning with new things and life-changing moments, and that its important from the beginning to become a familiar friendly face among the people with whom you will be sharing many of those moments. I wish Id known that the deadline for certain summer internships, and programs like MISTI, is BEFORE THE END OF FALL SEMESTER. Before the end of fall semester. Also, you need letters of recommendation for these things. Did I mention that the deadline for MISTI-France, to give an example, is BEFORE THE END OF FALL SEMESTER? I wish Id taken the freaking swim test the moment I got off crutches. I am so, so unspeakably glad that I made it a habit from Day 1 to attend talks and ask questions. Freshman year, I was a regular at the Brain and Cognitive Science colloquium; running up to the speaker to ask questions is ultimately how I got my first UROP. Since then, my interests have meandered, and I began regularly attending the Physics and Astrophysics department colloquia. This has been such an important habit, professionally. I have a much broader appreciation for the range of research conducted out there, and have gotten to know speakers as well as other regular attendees by cornering people to ask follow-up questions. Its also been satisfying to track my progress over the years. Freshman year, I could hang onto a talk for an average of probably 5 minutes, if at all. I was lucky if I knew half the words in the title. Sophomore year, it was probably 10-15 minutes, out of an hour. That summer, I worked at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory all summer, and when I came back I could cling onto most astrophysics colloquia for at least 70, 80% of the time. Im glad that I made friends at other universities, and that I left campus to visit them every now and then. I went on a few observing trips with Harvards astronomy club, for example. This year, I found out that BU has an active astronomy club, and I wish that Id thought to look into that my freshman year. Yeah, MIT students are awesome, and yeah, theres a startling amount of diversity in character and interests among MIT students but we all go to MIT. Being in touch with friends with dramatically different college experiences has helped me maintain perspective; I think its important to know that your colleges way of doing things isnt the only way of doing things, and that your peers arent the only awesome college students in the country. Im glad that I didnt spend any time riding an OMG I GOT INTO MIT THAT MUST MEAN IM THE BEST EVER high. I had close friends who didnt get in people I knew were just as deserving as I was. I had (and have) friends at lesser-known schools around the country who I have nothing but the most sincere admiration and respect for. Last summer, I interned with eight other undergraduates, most of whom were from colleges Id never heard of, and all of whom were obviously very smart, talented, hardworking and bound-for-success people, well on track to great things in the astronomy world. I think that coming to MIT with a sense of superiority would have been, well, wrong, in a limiting and destructive way. I wish I acknowledged at an earlier stage of my academic career that lifestyle choices that work for other people doesnt necessarily work for me. For myself, sleep deprivation isnt cool, and staying up late night after night is really dumb and unproductive.  Try as I might to pretend otherwise, I get really unhappy and overemotional when Im sleep-deprived, the same way that I would be really unhappy if I never showered or got zeros on all my homework assignments. How do I prevent getting zeros on all my homework assignments? I do my homework assignments. How do I prevent never showering? I shower. How should I prevent sleep deprivation? I should sleep, obviously. Somehow this didnt click until I took J-Lab, dug my health into a hole, and emerged from the experience so shaken that I now go to bed between midnight and 1 and get up between 8 and 9, very consistently. It has made SUCH. a difference. AND I still get my work done. Exercise and fruit. Exercise and fruit. Exercise and fruit. I wish Id never psetted during lecture, never skipped one class to study for another, never stayed up for hours and hours to squeeze out those extra last points on a problem set. I wish Id never convinced myself that an imminent deadline was so important that I had to drop everything else on my schedule. I can point to maybe one, two instances where that was actually beneficial in the long run, out of a whole bunch my freshman and sophomore years. It was almost always a mistake. Keeping pace with the rest of my life should almost always have been the priority. I wish Id bought my DNA, Mobius strip, and golden ratio earrings sooner.  Theyve earned me much respect over the past few months. Im glad I went on that date with that guy freshman fall; we wandered through Boston at night, climbed some sculptures, sat by a pond. We ended up going our separate ways, and I havent spoken to him in two years, but that adventure will always be a happy college memory. Im glad that I acted on whim. I thank whim for  one of my most life-changing, defining experiences. Im glad that I didnt listen to all the advice I was given. I realize now that there were some mistakes that needed to be made, by myself, in order for those lessons to sink in. except putting off the swim test. Seriously. Take the swim test.

Example Linguistics Essay - Free Essay Example

The Sociolinguistics of British Sign Language: Toward One Languageor a Variety of Languages? What is the future of British Sign Language? With thegrowing number of changes in the language, dialect and idiolect, is it headedtoward a single standardised version? Or will it end up as a collection ofsub-languages collectively known as British Sign Language? In Margaret Deuchars landmark book on British SignLanguage, Michael Stubbs wrote in 1984 that BSL provides a striking example ofa topic about which clear and straightforward information is badly needed byeducators and policy-makers, since there is widespread ignorance and confusionabout what deaf signing is (1984, ix). This remains true today, over twodecades later. . Recognition of BSL British Sign Language was formally recognized as alanguage in the UK on March 18, 1993. However, it does not have any legalprotection. This basically means that deaf people do not share the same rightsas hearing people when it comes to access to information regarding education,health and employment. As a language, BSL has much in common with otherlanguages. Still, there is much about BSL that is unique, since it also has manyinnate differences from spoken languages. BSL is the primary language of the deafcommunity in Britain, a community that lives and thrives in a larger society ofhearing people, many of whom remain largely unaware of many of the issues in deafculture BSL variation According to Ronald Wardhaugh, a recognition ofvariation implies that we must recognize that a language is not just some kindof abstract object of study (Wardhaugh 1998, 5). BSL is no different from anyother language in this aspect. There will always be a wide degree of variationin the speech of one individual when compared with the speech of anotherindividual. In addition, there will be variations within that variation. AsWardhaugh points out, no individual can act freely and do just exactly what heor she pleases so far as language is concerned (Wardhaugh1998, 6). Otherwise,the result will be mass confusion, perhaps even gibberish. This is as true of BSLand its many variations as it is of spoken languages. Citing Chomsky, Wardhaugh also points out that languageis essentially a set of items (Wardhaugh1998, 10). Whether these items arespoken or signed will necessarily affect the methodology of research, but willnot change the basic fact that language is the key to how societies a restructured and how people manage to live together. There are a number of factors to explain why British SignLanguage is so rapidly changing and growing. According to Deuchar, just as wefind variation in English, we also find it in BSL, at the same kinds of levelsof the language, and linked to the same kind of social factors (Deuchar 1984, 130).This was reiterated again more recently by Rachel Sutton-Spence and Bencie Woll.They asserted in 2000 that just as there are variations according to region,social group membership and the social situation, so there are regional, socialand situational differences in BSL (Sutton-Spence and Woll 2000, 23). Thereare a number of societal structures responsible for the variations in BSL. Someof these are directly related to education of the deaf. According to Deuchar,the deaf in Britain are unlike the deaf in some other cultural minoritiesbecause they have not lived in isolation. On the contrary, they have lived inmany different parts of the country. Therefore, the places where they wouldcome together as a meeting point would be institutions for deaf individuals. Thesewould be for the most part educational institutions, particularly those thatare specifically structured for members of the deaf community. Other explanations for variations in BSL center around language userscharacteristics. According to Deuchar, these include such qualities as range of competence age of speaker response to setting (formal/informal) level of social skills. Range ofcompetence may vary from user to user, depending on individual ability as wellas level of depth of exposure to BSL. Response to setting may also be a highlyindividual characteristic; different individuals, including members of thehearing population as well as those in the deaf community, respond with varyinglevels of comfort to different settings. While some individuals movecomfortably between formal and informal settings, others will feel moreuncomfortable in less familiar surroundings (Deuchar 1984; Sutton-Spence Woll 2000). Anotherfactor that accounts for much of the variation in BSL is geographical distance.This can be the cause of both differences and similarities in vocabulary. Onetelling example of this is an experiment Deuchar did regarding variation innumber systems. The investigation was conducted in 1981 among deaf adults inLancaster. She found that a certain variant of the number SIX (right index onleft fist) was only used by people over the age of forty who had attended aschool for the deaf in NW England. In this case she concluded that both thesocial factors of age and schools seem to be significant (Deuchar 1984, 131). Additionalexamples of users characteristics that are responsible for variation areoffered by Brennan et al. Some pairs of BSL signs have identical manualcomponents, and the only way to tell them apart is through non-manualactivity such as the facial gestures that accompany the manual components. Forexam ple, the signs ENOUGH and FED UP are distinguished only by facialgesture. Another example is that of the signs SMART and CANT BE BOTHERED,which make use of exactly the same action of the hands, but in the latter casea distinctive mouth pattern is used (Brennan et al., 1984, 2). Sociolinguistics in the BSL/language continuum Thesociolinguistics of a language is the study of linguistic and sociologicalvalues. It can also be described as the study of how that language functionswithin society and how it is affected. The sociolinguistics of Sign Languagesis not unlike the sociolinguistics of any other languages. The same issues thataffect other languages affect Sign Languages, although the issues may beexpressed differently. Thefact that BSL is now officially accepted as a language is an important part ofthe history of BSL. It is partially responsible for changing the way BSL isperceived by the larger community. Other sociological and historical changeshave occurred over time. Many of these are due to education. As Sutton-Spenceand Woll point out: BSL changed when schools started using it nearly 200 yearsago, and again when it was banned in schools. Another factor that has affectedthe socio-historical change in BSL is technology, particularly television (Sutton-Spence Woll 2000, 35). Status in BSL: Political Correctness Asnoted earlier, British Sign Language (and Sign Language in general) is like anyother language in many aspects. This includes political correctness. Politicalcorrectness has caught up with sign language for deaf people. Gestures used todepict ethnic and religious minorities and homosexuals are being droppedbecause they are now deemed offensive (Mickelburgh 2004). This is true of AmericanSign Language as well: Traditional sign language words and letters for the useof the deaf in America are being changed to be made more culturallyappropriate (Davis 2000). However,it is true that many signs are still in use that may be considered as racist.One explanation for this is that deaf communities often feel that hearingprofessionals try to impose their own values on deaf culture, which isconsidered offensive and intrusive by many members of the deaf community. Thisis not concerned with the dangers of offending someone by mistake, but withsigns that are considered unacceptable because of deaf politics and deaf pride'(Sutton-Spence Woll 2000, 249). Sociallyunacceptable language in BSL is similar to socially unacceptable language ingeneral, and includes taboo signs linked to taboo topics, insults, andexpletives. Other Variations in BSL Othervariations in BSL may be due to ethnicity, religion, sexual preference, andsocial networks. Ethnic Variations In someareas (for example, this is particularly true in the U.S.), there are cleardivisions between some black ASL dialects and some white ASL dialects [largelydue to segregation]. In Britain, however, the variation in BSL between blackand white signers appears to be less marked (Sutton-Spence Woll 2000, 27).Some explanations for this include the fact there were relatively few blackpeople in Britain until the 1950s. In addition, black deaf children attended mixeddeaf schools, and were therefore less inclined to be divided by racialcategories. Thereis, however, a growing sense of identity among black deaf adults in Britain.This has lead many researchers to conclude that eventually there will be adefinite variation along based on racial divisions, resulting in a distinctive blackdialect of BSL as time goes on (Sutton-Spence Woll 2000, 28). Incontrast, the British Asian deaf community relatively small. However, genetic deafnessseems to be more common to British Asians, so as t his segment of the deafcommunity grows, its members may develop a dialect of their own as well. Religious Variations Religionalso has an effect on BSL, particularly the Roman Catholic and Protestantreligions. The signing of deaf British Catholics is strongly influenced byIrish Sign Language because Irish monks and nuns have provided education forCatholic deaf children.and Irish-trained priests serve the Catholic deafcommunities in Britain (Sutton-Spence Woll 2000, 28). In addition,signers tend to have two variants of BSL, and will use them differentlydepending on whether they are communicating with people within their ownreligion, or with those outside of it. Gender/Sexual Variations It hasalso been noted that in some variations of Sign Languages, the differencesbetween genders are markedly different. This has been attributed to the factthat often males and females are educated in separate institutions, and whenthey leave these institutions must learn how to communicate with each other.However, this is not the case with British Sign Language, where the differencesin language between male and female members of the deaf community are reportedto be unimportant (Sutton-Spence 2000, 26). Situational Variations Situational changes have an effect on BSL as they do on all other languages. Changes occurdepending on the number of people the speaker is addressing; for example, whenaddressing a single individual as opposed to addressing an entire group.Changes also occur when the signer is addressing someone who does not have astrong grasp of BSL, either a member of the deaf community who is foreign, oran English-speaker who is not a member of the deaf community. Other situationalchanges also affect BSL, as when the signer is addressing strangers, oraddressing small children (Sutton-Spence Woll 2000, 31). Language Planning: Status Planning and Corpus Planning Accordin gto Peter Trudgill, government involvement in language is often referred to as languageplanning. Sometimes this is a commendable and welcome activity, butnot necessarily. Trudgill further distinguishes between status planning andcorpus planning. Status planning occurs in countries which have to first choosea national language or languages and subsequently are faced with the issue ofdeveloping and/or standardising the language or languages (Trudgill 2000, 131-132). Often, however, the role of a national government goes beyond selecting a nationallanguage. For example, the language, having already been chosen, must bedeveloped and standardised; a suitable orthography must be chosen, or decisionshave to be made over selection of one dialect over another. This may get asspecific as the government being required to assist in vocabulary, grammatical,and phonological development. This type of language planning is much morespecific and involves much more active involvement on t he part of thegovernment, and is referred to as corpus planning (Trudgill 2000,135). It has been noted, however, that the distinction between corpus planningand status planning was first distinguised by H. Kloss in 1969 (Covarrubias1983, 42). Corpusplanning in terms of BSL standardisation is a complex issue. Some researchesassert that this will increase cultural understanding and go some way towardsalleviating racial prejudice and tension (Sutton-Spence Woll 2000).Social inclusion was also emphasised with respect to users of BritishSign Language. Most agree that promotion of BSL will add to the qualityof life for many people. It does remain important that enactment of policies by the government recognizethe ongoing significance of British Sign Language within the signing community.The fact that the deaf have spent many years and much effort fighting theiridentification as disabled is ofprimary importance. It is essential that the government continue to treat BSLlike any other minority language within the EU. Democratic institutions should seethat mechanisms are put into place that recognize the merit of different voicesand perspectives. This is the only way members of the deaf community will beable to effectively organize and increase their empowerment within society atlarge. Other Issues in Standardisation Accordingto Sutton-Spence and Woll, it is very clear that there is not a single,standard form of BSL (2000, 37). The BSL/English Dictionary has onlyrecently been published and contains a limited number of signs, they write. StandardEnglish is used o television and radio and by government organisations. BSL ontelevision is not standard and deaf television presenters use differentregional signs (Sutton-Spence and Woll 2000, 38). Although it is believed thata form of standard BSL may eventually emerge, they assert that because thesocial context of BSL varies so widely from that of English, that it isimpossible to predict what form it will eventually take. Furthermore,there is the issue that the signs of BSL can be divided into those of theestablished lexicon, or those of the productive lexicon, although BSL clearlyhas far fewer basic signs fixed in the lexicon (Sutton-Spence and Woll 2000,197).